Non-native plant associations with wildfire, tree removals, and deer in the eastern United States

Wildfires, tree removals, and deer herbivory are potential pathways for spread of non-native plants. I modeled the number recorded nonnative plant species by county compared to wildfire area, densities in eastern United States also forests. Species richness 1016 780 primarily forested counties decreased with increased values three variables; models equally showed negative relationships. For model predictions, based on withheld samples counts, percentage area alone had greatest association (R2 value 31%) forests; until stabilizing at >1% a neutral relationship. 1581 2431 U.S., variables each an overall relationship up 14%), without consensus regression types most influential variables. These formal suggest that wildfire, generally may be nominal landscape scales States.